Alex Ferrari - Media in a nutshell
I.R.A.C.I.N.G
I - Institution, for example BBFC.
R - Representation, stereotypes - Age, gender, class and ethnicity.
A - Audience, age 15-25, male/female?
C - Construction, how its put together?
I - Ideology,
N - Narrative,
G - Genre, horror, sub-genre?
R - Representation, stereotypes - Age, gender, class and ethnicity.
A - Audience, age 15-25, male/female?
C - Construction, how its put together?
I - Ideology,
N - Narrative,
G - Genre, horror, sub-genre?
Camera Angle
1) Bird's Eye View: Can't see much detail, a vague overview.
2) High View: Looking up at the camera. Makes the subject look small. This makes the audience feel bigger, strong and in power.
3) Neutral View: Neutral power, same level. Conversational view.
4) Low View: Audience feeling weaker. Shift of power. The killer towers over the victim. This makes them powerless.
5) Worm's Eye View: Where the camera is on the floor. This is the most extreme of feeling powerless when the victim is just about to die.
Also there is an Oblique or Canted View Angle. This is to show there is something wrong in the scene by tilting the camera sideways.
2) High View: Looking up at the camera. Makes the subject look small. This makes the audience feel bigger, strong and in power.
3) Neutral View: Neutral power, same level. Conversational view.
4) Low View: Audience feeling weaker. Shift of power. The killer towers over the victim. This makes them powerless.
5) Worm's Eye View: Where the camera is on the floor. This is the most extreme of feeling powerless when the victim is just about to die.
Also there is an Oblique or Canted View Angle. This is to show there is something wrong in the scene by tilting the camera sideways.
Camera Shots
Extreme Long (ELS): The camera is placed a long way from the subject. This sets the scene, for example it shows the landscape.
Long (LS): Includes the whole of the subject, top to bottom. Helps determine the size of the object.
Mid (MS): Lose some of the scene but its more detailed. This normally shows the subject from the waist up. Walking scenes are the most common example of this.
Over the shoulder (SS): This is filmed from behind the subject over the shoulder. This shows the persons back of the head and shoulder. Looking at the emotions of the subjects. Switches between cameras for added effect.
Close-up (CUS): Concentrate on face. Showing very little background. Often the background will be blurred. This shot will show the person's facial expressions.
Extreme Close-up (ECU): This is beyond what the human eye can see in detail. Used for tense dramatic effects in scenes.
Long (LS): Includes the whole of the subject, top to bottom. Helps determine the size of the object.
Mid (MS): Lose some of the scene but its more detailed. This normally shows the subject from the waist up. Walking scenes are the most common example of this.
Over the shoulder (SS): This is filmed from behind the subject over the shoulder. This shows the persons back of the head and shoulder. Looking at the emotions of the subjects. Switches between cameras for added effect.
Close-up (CUS): Concentrate on face. Showing very little background. Often the background will be blurred. This shot will show the person's facial expressions.
Extreme Close-up (ECU): This is beyond what the human eye can see in detail. Used for tense dramatic effects in scenes.
Camera Movements
Pan: Movement scans the scene horizontally, left to right.
Tilt: Similar to "Pan" but scans the scene vertically.
Dolly shot: Also called "Tracking" or "Trucking". Follows an object with the subject.
Crane shot: Off ground level, similar to dolly, moves around.
Hand held: Camera is often shaky making it seem like the audience is in the action and there filming it.
Rolling shot: !!!! !!!! !!!!
Tilt: Similar to "Pan" but scans the scene vertically.
Dolly shot: Also called "Tracking" or "Trucking". Follows an object with the subject.
Crane shot: Off ground level, similar to dolly, moves around.
Hand held: Camera is often shaky making it seem like the audience is in the action and there filming it.
Rolling shot: !!!! !!!! !!!!
Sound
Diegetic: Natural sounds. Sounds which you accept comes from the film story. E.g. Music from a radio.
Non-Diegetic: Commentary sounds. All other sounds in a scene, like sound effect that are added over the top for example music.
Parallel: When sounds are synchronised with peoples actions on screen. Sound that complements the scene, sound and image reflects each other.
Contrapuntal: Sound that does not fit with the scene. Happy music for a sad scene does not fit!
Ambient: Atmospheric sounds. Background sounds that set the moods.
Direct Address: Character talks to the camera. (Film, Wall for wall st.)
Sound Bridge: This sound connects two scenes together so sound that continues throughout two scenes. E.g. Ending the scene with a man looking in the distance and helicopter noise then the second scene is a view of a helicopter coming towards him with noise.
Dialogue: Speech in the scene.
Voice Over: Narration in a film by a synchronised image of the speaker forming the words.
Sound Track/Theme Tune: !!!! !!!! !!!!
Non-Diegetic: Commentary sounds. All other sounds in a scene, like sound effect that are added over the top for example music.
Parallel: When sounds are synchronised with peoples actions on screen. Sound that complements the scene, sound and image reflects each other.
Contrapuntal: Sound that does not fit with the scene. Happy music for a sad scene does not fit!
Ambient: Atmospheric sounds. Background sounds that set the moods.
Direct Address: Character talks to the camera. (Film, Wall for wall st.)
Sound Bridge: This sound connects two scenes together so sound that continues throughout two scenes. E.g. Ending the scene with a man looking in the distance and helicopter noise then the second scene is a view of a helicopter coming towards him with noise.
Dialogue: Speech in the scene.
Voice Over: Narration in a film by a synchronised image of the speaker forming the words.
Sound Track/Theme Tune: !!!! !!!! !!!!
Colour
What do colours in movies symbolise?
Red - Fear, danger, warning, blood, anger, debt.
White - Pure, hygienic, clean, goodness, empty, safety.
Green - Calm, serene, nature, plants, envy, everlasting.
Yellow - Coward, weak, bright, tight, sun, happy.
Blue - Sky, openness, cold/cool, health, water, tranquillity.
Black - Evil, sinister, mourning, death, darkness, mystery.
Purple - Dreams, lent, religious, repentance, royalty, wealth.
Orange - Warmth, energy, happy sunset, enthusiasm.
Red - Fear, danger, warning, blood, anger, debt.
White - Pure, hygienic, clean, goodness, empty, safety.
Green - Calm, serene, nature, plants, envy, everlasting.
Yellow - Coward, weak, bright, tight, sun, happy.
Blue - Sky, openness, cold/cool, health, water, tranquillity.
Black - Evil, sinister, mourning, death, darkness, mystery.
Purple - Dreams, lent, religious, repentance, royalty, wealth.
Orange - Warmth, energy, happy sunset, enthusiasm.
Mise - En - Scene
What is in the scene. Everything you see on screen is there for a reason and has been chosen to have an impact on the audience.
Props: Can give a greater insight of the character e.g. A messy desk suggests that person in not very organised and has a messy lifestyle.
Clothing: Insight in the personality, social class, personal circumstances and hobbies of the character. Clothing also can give the view a hint at the time period and climate conditions.
Location: Obvious location can impact mood of the scene. Different locations can imply scary, busy, isolated, safe, happy and many more moods in the scene.
Actors: Different ages and genders will appeal to different target audiences. May be selected to help enhance the particular genera of the film selected. Arnie = Action.
Positioning: Where you place it. Positioning of props and actors in particular can tell the audience about the scene. Actors at distance indicates tension or dislike.
Props: Can give a greater insight of the character e.g. A messy desk suggests that person in not very organised and has a messy lifestyle.
Clothing: Insight in the personality, social class, personal circumstances and hobbies of the character. Clothing also can give the view a hint at the time period and climate conditions.
Location: Obvious location can impact mood of the scene. Different locations can imply scary, busy, isolated, safe, happy and many more moods in the scene.
Actors: Different ages and genders will appeal to different target audiences. May be selected to help enhance the particular genera of the film selected. Arnie = Action.
Positioning: Where you place it. Positioning of props and actors in particular can tell the audience about the scene. Actors at distance indicates tension or dislike.
Weapons
Blunt: Makes it more effective as its more messy with blood and guts, you're close to your victim, it takes longer to kill the person and you can add sound effects that makes it much more realistic. The more real you can get it the more horrible it is to watch as this is horror.
Gun: Not as good as not as messy and you can be as far away from the person as you like. A knife for say is more personal as your close to them and you can hear their heavy breath stop as you kill them. As you can see it makes the scene much more horror like.
Gun: Not as good as not as messy and you can be as far away from the person as you like. A knife for say is more personal as your close to them and you can hear their heavy breath stop as you kill them. As you can see it makes the scene much more horror like.